길이에 따라 세 종류의 dash가 있다.
- hyphen
-- en dash
--- em dash
(latex에서 --라고 쓰면 en dash, --- 라고 쓰면 em dash로 표시된다.)
@ 기본원리: 문장의 중간에, 주제에서는 좀 벗어나지만 언급하고 싶은 내용이 있으면 two em dashes를 사용하라.
BAD: Max had many worries --- his company, his house, his car, and his sockes, so he tended to frown often.
GOOD: Max had many sources of joy --- his company, his research institute, his house, his gourmet dinners, and his three felines --- so he managed to survive from one day to the next.
BAD: Turing decided --- after many tests, that the machine was not behaving sufficiently irrationally.
GOOD: Minsky, Simon, Newell, and McCarthy --- all grand men, as we know --- decided to play a genuinely intelligent game.
@ 기본원리: 'for example'이나 'that is'로 시작하는 clause를 삽입하려고 할 때, 콤마 보다는 em dashes를 사용하라.
BAD: Howard, that is, the man known for his decisiveness, is sitting at the table.
GOOD: Shannon --- that is, the man asking for information --- has been cooking up a new theory.
BAD: Various birds, for example penguins and roast chickens, have had an illustrious history in the field.
GOOD: Varioius towers --- for example, those of Hanoi --- have featured largely as well.
@ 기본원리: 문장의 끝에 추가적인 생각을 덧붙이려고 할 때 one em dash를 사용하라.
그런 경우에, 콜론이나 세미콜론은 마침표와 동일하다.
So, it is acceptable to place a clause delineated by dashes before any of these punctuation marks, and thus to leave out the second dash.
GOOD: Spencer also has many business concerns --- his coffee company being the main one; nonetheless, he takes off every Sunday to be with Therese.
GOOD: Therese is a thoroughly delightful woman; she is warm, talented, gorgeous, and creative --- and she is one of the greatest cooks in California.
GOOD: To get the Rose Cafe off to a good start, the Starts sweated over every aspect --- including the amazing menu: 274 different kinds of cofee drink, and 189 different kinds of pizza.
GOOD: Peter has a tendency to fall asleep at the first opportunity --- or, occasionally, when there is no opportunity visible.
@ 기본원리: that is 나 for example로 시작하는 불완전한 문장을 붙이려고 할 때는 콤마보다는 an em dash를 사용해라.
BAD: The gap between the read-write head and the hard disk is so small that you can cause a crash by inserting into the gap various particles, for example, hair, dust, or smoke.
GOOD: To ensure that the hard disk and drive assembly remain dust free, manufacturers adopt clean-room standards --- for example, requiring employees to wear what often resemble Halloween ghost costumes.
BAD: Max's to-do list for that day was about as long as usual, that is, absurdly long.
GOOD: Max had all the necessities of life --- that is, food, shelter, warmth, and on-demand snuggles. |
